Governing mechanism for turbines.



No. 848,106. 7 YPATENTED MAR. 26, 1907 0.JUNGGRBN. GOVERNING MECHANISMFOR TURBINES.

APPLIOA'IION FILED JULY 25, 1906.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

u /n vencorfl- Oscar" Junggren, y

N0 s 4s,1oe.' PATENTED MAR. 26,1907. 0. JUNGGREN. GOVBRNINGMEG-HANISMFORTURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 25, 1906.

s snnnws-9nnnr 2.

0. JUNGGREN.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES'. APPLICATION TILED JULY 26, 1906.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

I F7 E9 I i 25 I-Ef j li I 36 a ,4

o I I s4 may.

. PA TENTED MAR. 26, 1907 PATENTED MAR. 26, 1907.

0.JUNGGRBN.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED J'ULY'25, 1906.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

0. JUNGGREN.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINBS. APBLIOATION FILED JULY 25, 1906.

5 sums-51mm s.

' Q 7 47 (WM lml m IMI ILII-IIIIIIWQEP 1 ,4

VV/Cr/esses: mike/72502":

M7 v Q Oscardunggren,

ditty.

PATBNTED MAR. 26, 1907.

citizen of the United and readiness of access and UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

OSCAR JUN GGREN OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGN OR TO GENERAL ELECTRICCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 25. 1906. Serial No. 327.596-

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR JUNGGREN, a States, residing at Schenectady,county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain newanduseful Improvements in Governing Mechanism for Turbines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to mechanism for governing the speedof-steam-turbines; and its object is to modify existing structures witha view to securing greater compactness alsg to lessen the weight.

A further object is to correct a tendency to hunt, which has beenobserved in prior structures of this kind. g

In carrying out my invention I rovide one or more sets of nozzlevalves,eac valve arranged to be operated by its own' individual cam and thecams for each set arranged to operate 1n succession. A fluid-pressuremotor actuates the cams and a pilot-valve controls the motor, saidvalvebeing itself under the control of a speederesponsive device driven bythe turbine. Follow-up mechanism restores the pilot valve to itsnormally closed position to pr'vent the turbine from surgin above orbelow normal speed/ In t e present invention there are two sets ofnozzle -valves arranged, preferably, on opposite sides of the turbineand actuated bya single motor, one set remaining idle untifthe other sethas been operated, or, if preferred, one or more valves in one set mayoperate alternately with oneor more valves in the other set. The motorconsists of "ac linder and piston, the cylinder being re erablyhorizontal and arranged substantially. on a level with the valve chestsiThe exhaust from the pilot-valve is controlled by an interruptingdevice-such, for example, as a.

spring-closed pop-valve preferably in con-j junction with anair-chamber, in order to' prevent too rapidan escape ofv the fluid, and

thus overcome any tendencybf the motor'to. The interrupting devicecauses the hunt. fluid to be discharged in periodical increments,thereby keeping the motor system in a slight tremble.

In the aecompan I drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation oi an uprightturbine em-, bodying myj invention, the. casing being broken away inorder to show the parts on a large scale.

Fig. 2 is a-top plan view of the same, partly in section. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section of the motor for operating the nozzle-valves. Fig.4 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 5 is a crosssection of the samethrough the pilot-valve. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a nozzle-valveand its operating parts. Fig. 7 shows the antihunting devices. Figs. 8and 9 show the two sets of cams in end view, and Fig. 10 is a top planview of a modification.-

Only the upper part-of the casing 1 of the turbine is shown. Locatedabove it and supporting the generator 2 is a stool 3. The upper end ofthe generator is closed in by a head 4, which is provided with a dome 5,that surrounds the shaft-governor and sup orts the lever fortransmitting motion from t e speedresponsive device to theficontrollingor pilot valve or regulator of the hydraulic or fluidpressure motor.Situated at convenient points on the turbine-casing are the valvechests.There are preferably two of these chests 6 6', located diametrically oposite to each other. Supported in suitable earings on each chest is arock-shaft 7 7, to which is secured a bevel-gear 8 8. A-shaft 9 extendsacross the machine, passing through openings in the wallsoi the stool 3and journaled in bearings on the valve-chests and in brackets 10,extending from the rear end of the motor cylinder 11. .The cross-shaftcarries bevel-gears 12 12, meshing with the gears 8 8. A spur-gear 13 issecured to the shaft between the brackets 10 and meshes with. a

rack 14, "which can be reciprocated by the piston 15, working in thecylinder 11, and thereby causes the shafts 9 7 7 to rotate.

On each shaft is a set of cams 16 16, disposed one slightly behind theother. Each ;can engages with a lever 17, fulcrumed at 18 ,in a frame19, erected on the valve-chest,

ring 23, mounted in the .upper art of the ame 19. The stem 21v passestough a suitable stuffing-box 24 in the removab e top ,of the chest. 4When a valve is in the closed position, its lever rests in the cut-awayportion of its cam,

the walls of which are substantially tangential to the hub of the cam,soas to givea quick opening movement to the valve. The

Patented March 26, 1907.

and engaging with a cross-head 20 on the stem 21 of a nozzle-valve22,which is held to its seat in the chest by a compression-s earns 16 arecut away much more than the earns 16, so that none of the former will.01)- erate until all of the latter have opened their respective valves,the two setsoperating in succession and not simultaneously. Itpreferred, however, the cams may be so cut and arranged that the valveswill operate alternately on opposite sides ot' the machine.-

.-The piston 15 in the motor-cylinder 11 is actuated, preferably, byliquid-pressure from any suitable source, such as that which supplieslubricant' to the bearings. The liquid fills the cylinder on both sidesof the piston,

so that the latter is locked and cannot move floating lever isadjustably pivoted to a rod.

33, by which it is connected through a bellcrank lever 34 and link 35with the lollow-up v lever 36.

This latter is fulcrumed at 37 on a hanger 38, depending from a bracket10, and its upper end is connected by a link 39 with the piston-rod orrack 14 of the motor.

When the speed-responsive device actuates the lever 32, it moves thefloating lever,

whlch'fulcrums on the upper end of the 'rod 33. This rod is at thatinstant immovable because the parts to which it is connected are lockedby the liquid in the cylinder. The

Inovementof the floating lever opens the pilot-valve, thereby admittingliquid-pressure to one side of the iston and allowing it to escape fromthe ot ier. The consequent movement of the piston rotates the shafts 9 77 and operates one or more of the nozzlevalves, thereby varying thesupply of steam to the turbine to correct the abnormal speed whichcaused the governor to operate. This in ltself wouldcause thepilot-valve to close again, but not until the turbine had passed to acondition-of speed on the other side of. To avoid this hunting action,

the normal. the follow-up device operates to close the pilot-valve inadvance of too much change in the speed of the turbine. As soon as thepiston 15 begins to move the follow-up lever 36 is carried with it, andthrough the link 35 and bell-crank 34 moves the rod 33 lengthwise, whichin turn actuates the fio ating lever and causes it to return thepilot-valve to its, normal closed position, thereby stopping the piston15. By this device only so many of the nozzle-valves will be operated asare necessary to -effect the proper regulation of the speed of theturbine. In order to'control' these operations still further and preventany hunting of the piston owing to toosudden a release of the'pressureon one side of it,

spring-valve and the motor.

I provide an interrupting device in the escapepipe 40, whereby theliquid is compelled to escape in spurts instead of continuously. Onemode of producing this eil'ect is shown in Fig. 7, which is merely adiagram and does not represent the actual construction or arrangement ofthe parts. A valve 4] is interosed in the escape-pipe with a spring 42,liolding it normally closed. An air-chamber 43-is connected with thepipe between the The valve is constructed like a pop safety-valve, sothat when it opens it will remain open for an appreciable time until thepressure due to the air compressed in the air-chamber has beenconsiderably reduced. The valve will then close and remain closed untilthe liquid-pressure has compressed the air in the chamber to.a pointwhere the valve will open again. In place of the pop-valve I may use anyother equivalent device in which the valve is operated by inertiasuch,for instance, as the wellknown clack-valve of the hydraulic ram. In anyevent the result is an intermittent flow of liquid through theescape-pipe,

keeping the system in a tremble, so to speak, and preventing the motorfrom overrunning in either direction by causing the piston to movein aseries of short steps instead of continuously.

Fig. 10 shows a modified arrangement in which the motor-cylinder islaced at right angles to the valve-chests wit its piston-rod 44 passingthrough both ends and extended at each end to carry a rack 45, meshingdirectly with a pinion 46 on the cam-shaft, which is lengthened out andsupported in a bracket 47. This is a somewhat simpler construction thanthe other, though both .have been found satisfactory in actual ractice.One advantage of these is that all t 1e working parts are on the samelevel as the valves, and therefore within easy range of inspection andaccessible'ior adjustment and repairj- Another advantage is that thereare no working parts above or near the generator-casing, so that thelatter is not disfigured by the oil and dirt, which to a certain extentare inevitably present on the working parts.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I havedescribed the principle of operation of my invention, together with thea paratus which I now consider to re resent t 1e best embodimentthereof; but I esire to have it understood that the apparatus shown isonly illustrative and that the invention can be carried out b Y othermeans.

What I claimas new, and esire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is

1. In a governing mechanism for elasticfluid turbines, the combinationwith the turbine, of sets of nozzle-valves, a eannshaft for actuatingeach set of valves, a liquid-pressure motor located at about the levelof said valves, connections between said motor and actuating'each set ofvalves, a transverse pressure motor for rotating said transverse'terposed between them, two'valye-ch'ests on hydraulic motor mountedoutside of and extending into said stool and connected said cam-shafts,and speed-responsive devlces controlling sa1dmotor.

2. In a governing devlce for elastic-fluid turbines, the combinationwith the turbine,

shaft geared to said cam-shafts, a liquid-' shaft, and controllingdevices for said motor responsive to speed changes of the turbine.

4. In a governing mechanism, for elastic fluid turbines, the combinationwith the turbine-casing and the generator, of a stool in" opposite sidesof said stool, a card-shafton each chest, a transverse shaft eared tosaid. cam-shafts and passing through said sto'ol, a

for said motor connected to said transverse shaft, and controllingdevices the speed-governor of the turbine.

5. In a governing mechanism for elasticfluid turbines, the combinationwith mechanically-operated nozzle-valves, of a liquidpressure motor foroperating them and means for causing said motor to o erate by anintermittent motion instead 0 continuously.-

6. In a governing mechanism for elasticfluid turbines, the combinationwith mechanically-operated nozzle-valves, of a" liquidressure motor foroperating them, and means or periodically interrupting the escape of theliquid from the motor when working.

7. In a governing mechanism for elasticfl'uld turbines, the combinationw1th mechanically-operated nozzle-valves, of a liquid pressure motor foroperating them, means for causing said motor to o crate by anintermittent motion instead 0 continuously, comprising-a valve offeringa predetermined resistance to movement, and an air-chamber.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set In hand this 23d'day of July,1906;

OSCAR JUNGGREN.

Witnesses:

M BENJAMIN B. HULL,. .FRA-NK J. Donn.

